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law enforcement interactions with people with mental illnesses
By CSG Justice Center
Published: 05/28/2009

New Guide Reviews Research on Law Enforcement Responses to People with Mental Illnesses
We wanted to let you know about the CSG Justice Center's latest release about law enforcement encounters with people with mental illnesses. We have a diverse group of experts on the issue and related resources, so please contact us if we can help you make use of this information.
Martha Plotkin: (240) 482-8579 mplotkin@csg.org Laura Draper: (646) 383-5722 ldraper@csg.org
New York—The Council of State Governments Justice Center announced today the release of The Law Enforcement Response to People with Mental Illnesses: A Guide to Research-Informed Policy and Practice. The guide examines studies on law enforcement interactions with people with mental illnesses and translates the findings to help policymakers and practitioners develop safe and effective interventions. Supported by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, it reviews the scope and nature of the problem and a range of law enforcement responses.
The complex nature of how law enforcement officers engage people with mental illnesses is an issue of national concern. “These interactions are often time-consuming, difficult to resolve, and can result in tragic outcomes,” said Justice Center Board Member and Mesa, Arizona, Police Chief George Gascón. “This guide will help law enforcement and policymakers better understand these encounters and the specialized responses, which research suggests may lead to more positive results for all involved.”
Research findings show that law enforcement encounters with people with mental illnesses are often more time-consuming than other calls for service, require officers to have special training and skills, may be shaped by available community mental health resources, typically involve repeat contact with the same people who have unmet mental health needs, often are in response to a complaint of "nuisance" behavior involving a person with a mental illness, occasionally involve volatile situations that risk the safety of all involved.
The guide asserts that specialized responses such as crisis intervention teams, co-response teams, and other police-based efforts show great promise for increasing public safety, reducing repeat calls for service, and better serving people with mental illnesses. Yet policymakers and planners generally implement these initiatives without the benefit of research and data to guide program development for their community. This guide is meant to provide that foundation.
The Justice Center report, as well as related materials from a Bureau of Justice Assistance-supported series including the essential elements of a law enforcement specialized response and training strategies, can be downloaded for free at www.consensusproject.org/issue-areas/law-enforcement. A similar report on what the research says about community corrections responses to people with mental illnesses can be downloaded at www.consensusproject.org/downloads/community.corrections.research.guide.pdf.
The Guide was produced under Grant No. 05-82376-000-HCD for the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. A limited number of hard copies (NCJ 226965) can be ordered through the National Criminal Justice Reference Service at www.ncjrs.gov or by calling 800-851-3420 (international: 301-519-5500;TTY: 301-947-8374).
The Council of State Governments Justice Center is a national nonprofit organization that serves policymakers at the local, state, and federal levels from all branches of government. It provides practical, nonpartisan advice and consensus-driven strategies-informed by available evidence-to increase public safety and strengthen communities. Read more.


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