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| Corrections Minority Populations |
| By Terry Campbell, Professor, Purdue University Global |
| Published: 01/12/2015 |
Our topic this month focuses on minority prison populations. This is timely due to the recent release of Correctional Populations Statistics in the United States 2013. The data was compiled by the Bureau of Justice Statistics. In this article we will look at incarceration rates for all populations, male and female, White, Black, and Latino. The following information reflects the ‘Lifetime Likelihood of Imprisonment.’ (Note this does not reflect all minority populations incarcerated).
You should find the above statistics interesting and may consider all kinds of questions and possibilities. This will aid in placing the prison population in perspective. As you can see, these projections are not very positive and a real eye opener for many. Researchers, corrections administrators, and politicians, should be able to review this data and develop plans of action to help decrease these numbers. Perhaps the bigger question is ‘why’ for the disparities. People in State and Federal Prisons, by Race and Ethnicity, 2013
These statistics support the previous numbers we discussed in ‘Likelihood of Imprisonment.’ Review of these additional statistics allows corrections to anticipate and begin to develop future plans in dealing with prison populations. This includes; reintegration, recidivism, violent offenders, programs, effective communications, cultures, and other. When we look at the total correctional population the following numbers from 2013 reflect: Community Supervision
“An estimated 6,899,000 persons were under the supervision of adult correctional systems at yearend 2013, a decline of about 41,500 from yearend 2012.
However, these statistics also paint a dismal picture. Our prisons house approximately 60% racial and ethnic minorities. The following is an eye opener; for Black males in their thirties, “1 in every 10 is in prison or jail on any given day.’ The War on Drugs statistics reflects “two-thirds of all persons in prison for drug offenses are people of color.” Again we have to ask ourselves why the significant number of drug offenders and what is being done to control this prior to incarceration. Other statistics also reflect that at the time offenders commit their crimes they were using alcohol, drugs, or a combination of both. This supports why there is an emphasis placed on substance abuse programs for offenders. I should also note that many offenders on community supervision also participate in some type of drug treatment and drug testing programs. The next area to consider is the rapid increase in the number of female offenders being supervised in the community and incarcerated. This population has shown the largest increase in offender populations. Due to this many prisons are having to adjust programs, medical, mental health, and housing assignments to deal with this increasing population. We also must consider the costs to incarcerate versus community supervision. According to the Vera Institute of Justice report for 2012, twelve states prison budgets exceeded one billion dollars. Even with these ridiculous amounts, most states still experience problems with rehabilitation and recidivism rates. We spend more money on an inmate than we do for our children, homeless, and mentally ill individuals. This has nothing to do with minorities, all races are included. The corrections field faces many dilemmas with no exact cures in place. We continue to tweak programs and spend money without making progress in many areas. At the same time, many of the same issues and concerns remain. We can debate the issues all day long and not come to a consensus. There are many problems with our present corrections systems and we need to stop with the finger pointing and identify those areas where improvements can be made. At the same time, making excuses does not resolve the facts. There are a significant number of minority offenders incarcerated and what are we doing to prevent this in the community before arrests. What does this tell our children and what will our future hold? Is this the best we can do and still lack significant improvements? Perhaps we need to look in a mirror and like what we see. Accountability, responsibility, and consequences come into play. Are we too quickly trying to justify actions of others and place blame elsewhere? The field of corrections is in dire need of positive changes and not quick fixes. Perhaps 2015 will hold the key, answers, and improvements for corrections. Your suggestions and views will be appreciated. Meanwhile, stay safe out there. Terry Campbell is a criminal justice professor at Kaplan University, School of Public Safety and has more than 20 years of experience in corrections and policing. He has served in various roles, including prison warden and parole administrator, for the Arkansas Department of Corrections. Terry may be reached at tcampbell@kaplan.edu. Other articles by Campbell |
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